Saksagan
Loss of Language Among Greeks and Armenians
Many Greeks and Armenians in Turkey have lost their native languages. This is because they were forbidden from speaking them. Over time, without practice,...
The Armenians and Their Struggles in Constantinople
At one point, the Armenians were a key part of the business community in Constantinople. However, after the massacres of 1896, when at least...
A City of Constant Apprehension
Life in Constantinople is marked by constant fear and apprehension. The people live in a vague dread of danger, and this feeling is justified,...
Reshad Effendi the Imprisoned Heir to the Ottoman Throne
The Next in Line
The Second Brother's Position
Following the Ottoman succession law, Reshad Effendi, who was Sultan Abdul Hamid's second brother, stood as the official...
The Ottoman Succession Law and the Fate of Royal Brothers
The Mystery of Abdul Aziz's Death
Competing Theories
While the British embassy surgeon officially ruled that Sultan Abdul Aziz committed suicide, many people in the Ottoman...
The Ottoman Succession Crisis
From Abdul Medjid to Abdul Hamid
Introduction to the Imperial Family
The story of how Abdul Hamid II came to power involves a complex series of...
Code of Conduct – Limes Congress
The International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies (Limes Congress) is committed to creating a safe, welcoming, and respectful environment for everyone. We want all...
We Are Here to Help
We know that this guide may not answer all your questions. For that reason, we have a team of friendly volunteers and staff who...
Seljuq and Mamluk Architecture
Chair Nikos Tsivikis
This session focuses on towers and fortifications from various cultural and historical backgrounds across the Middle East and Anatolia.
Stéphane Pradines
Islamic, Armenian, or...
Aram-Naharaim An Ancient Land in the Bible
Aram-Naharaim is a name used in the Bible to describe an ancient region in Mesopotamia, the land between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers. It...
