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The Church of St John in Philadelphia
The church that has been named after St John in ancient Philadelphia (modern Alaşehir) was an important Byzantine building. It was rectangular in shape...
Ancient Philadelphia (Alaşehir)
Ancient Philadelphia, known today as Alaşehir, was founded by Attalos II Philadelphos, the king of Pergamum, who ruled between 159 and 138 BCE. The...
The Main Assembly Hall of the Synagogue
The main hall of the synagogue in Sardis was very large. It is believed that it could hold nearly one thousand people. This shows...
Loopholes in Wall AA
The front side of wall AA has two rows of loopholes. These loopholes are actually openings in two passageways (called galleries) that were built...
Entrance Through the Gateway
Entering through gateway l, you come into a high entrance hall, marked as vestibule b. Today, this space is completely dark, so any visitor...
The Two Towers Tower N and Tower S
This section of the ancient walls includes two important towers, known as Tower N and Tower S. These towers, although built close to each...
Loss of Language Among Greeks and Armenians
Many Greeks and Armenians in Turkey have lost their native languages. This is because they were forbidden from speaking them. Over time, without practice,...
The Armenians and Their Struggles in Constantinople
At one point, the Armenians were a key part of the business community in Constantinople. However, after the massacres of 1896, when at least...
A City of Constant Apprehension
Life in Constantinople is marked by constant fear and apprehension. The people live in a vague dread of danger, and this feeling is justified,...
Reshad Effendi the Imprisoned Heir to the Ottoman Throne
The Next in Line
The Second Brother's Position
Following the Ottoman succession law, Reshad Effendi, who was Sultan Abdul Hamid's second brother, stood as the official...
